Pre-Twombly Precedent: Have Leatherman and Swierkiewicz Earned Retirement Too?

In theory, a complaint is a relatively minor part of a lawsuit, intended to initiate the litigation process. In practice, federal courts are struggling to implement the Supreme Court’s opinions in Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly and Ashcroft v. Iqbal. This struggle is due, in part, to the fact that neither Twombly nor Iqbal expressly overruled the Court’s pre-Twombly pleading jurisprudence. This Note focuses on how lower courts are assessing the continued vitality of two major pre-Twombly cases: Leatherman v. Tarrant County Narcotics Intelligence and Coordination Unit and Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A. It finds that lower courts are taking conflicting views on the status of pre-Twombly precedent and concludes that this discord has serious consequences for litigation costs, respect for stare decisis, and litigants’ access to justice

Lie systems: theory, generalisations, and applications

Lie systems form a class of systems of first-order ordinary differential equations whose general solutions can be described in terms of certain finite families of particular solutions and a set of constants, by means of a particular type of mapping: the so-called superposition rule. Apart from this fundamental property, Lie systems enjoy many other geometrical features and they appear in multiple branches of Mathematics and Physics, which strongly motivates their study. These facts, together with the authors' recent findings in the theory of Lie systems, led to the redaction of this essay, which aims to describe such new achievements within a self-contained guide to the whole theory of Lie systems, their generalisations, and applications.Comment: 161 pages, 2 figure

Evaluating the Impact of a New Resort Amenity on Gaming Business Volumes

Using performance data from an Atlantic City hotel-casino, theoretical models are advanced to estimate the effects of a new indoor pool/nightclub on both daily coin-in and table game drop. This study represents the first attempt to estimate the indirect gaming contributions of a new nongaming amenity. The pool/nightclub variable was found to significantly increase table game drop at a rate of $150,500 per day, but it failed to produce a significant effect in the coin-in model. The core model, design, and results described herein are critical to operators and developers alike, as estimating the impacts of new nongaming amenities on key gaming volumes has been a guessing game to date. Thus, this paper offers a way to substantially improve return-on-investment calculations for new nongaming amenities. Although constructed with gaming in mind, the core model could be easily adapted to a variety of leisure service businesses

Experimental Verification of the Number Relation at Room and Elevated Temperatures

The accuracy of the Neuber equation for predicting notch root stress-strain behavior at room temperature and at 650 C was experimentally investigated. Strains on notched specimens were measured with a non-contacting, interferometric technique and stresses were simulated with smooth specimens. Predictions of notch root stress-strain response were made from the Neuber Equation and smooth specimen behavior. Neuber predictions gave very accurate results at room temperature. However, the predicted interaction of creep and stress relaxation differed from experimentally measured behavior at 650 C

Global well-posedness and asymptotic behavior in Besov-Morrey spaces for chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes fluids

In this work we consider the Keller-Segel system coupled with Navier-Stokes equations in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$ for $N\geq2$. We prove the global well-posedness with small initial data in Besov-Morrey spaces. Our initial data class extends previous ones found in the literature such as that obtained by Kozono-Miura-Sugiyama (J. Funct. Anal. 2016). It allows to consider initial cell density and fluid velocity concentrated on smooth curves or at points depending on the spatial dimension. Self-similar solutions are obtained depending on the homogeneity of the initial data and considering the case of chemical attractant without degradation rate. Moreover, we analyze the asymptotic stability of solutions at infinity and obtain a class of asymptotically self-similar ones.Comment: 22 pages. Some typos have been corrected. Some references have been updated/correcte